Publications

Abstract When an AI system decides whether a user’s message is safe, it typically makes a binary choice: toxic or not toxic. This all-or-nothing approach is fundamentally flawed. It forces platforms to either over-censor harmless conversations or let genuinely dangerous content slip through. This paper argues that AI safety requires a third option—a MEDIUM-risk tier […]

Abstract This study explored the instructional competence of public elementary school teachers in the utilization of self-learning modules (SLMs). Seventy-eight teachers were surveyed and grouped according to age, highest educational attainment, length of service, and civil status. Results showed a near-equal distribution of younger and older respondents, with most lacking postgraduate degrees. Over half were

Abstract This study aimed to determine the parenting styles and learners’ academic performance in the scouting programs in a small-sized school division in northern negros island for the school year 2024–2025. It focused on how parenting approaches and levels of engagement in scouting programs relate to the academic outcomes of senior scouts from grades 7

Abstract This descriptive study aimed to determine the level of teachers’ strategies in coping with stress in teaching in a district under a large-sized Schools Division in the Negros Island Region during SY 2024-2025. The necessary data were collected from 50 respondents using a researcher-made survey questionnaire that had met the required tests of validity

Abstract The integration of values education into the school curriculum has become an essential component of holistic education, aiming to develop learners’ moral character alongside academic competence. In this context, this study analyzed the level of implementation of a values-centric curriculum in a small-sized division in Central Visayas, Philippines, during the Calendar Year 2024–2025, as

Abstract This study aimed to determine the degree of difficulty experienced by home learning partners in assisting Grade 1 learners with reading in a selected school Central Philippines during the School Year 2021–2022. The findings revealed that home learning partners encountered varying degrees of difficulty across three key areas: home learning environment, parental tutoring, and

Abstract This study examined learners’ levels of interest and motivation in physical activity (PA) among selected public junior high schools in one cluster of a division in the National Capital Region during School Year 2021–2022. A descriptive research design was employed, involving 218 Grade 7–10 learners selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using

Abstract This study investigated the extent of school Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) utilization and its relationship to teachers’ performance in selected schools within one district of a large division in Central Philippines during the 2020–2021 school year. The variables examined included planning and resource allocation, disbursement and procurement, and liquidation and transparency. Using

Abstract This study examined the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) utilization in science teaching during the Calendar Year 2024–2025 in a small-sized Schools Division in Central Visayas, Philippines. Employing a descriptive research design, the study utilized a researcher-developed survey questionnaire to gather data from 60 science teachers from Clusters 1 and 2 of

Abstract This study determined the level of instructional leadership skills of school heads in a large Schools Division in Western Visayas during the School Year 2023–2024 as a basis for a leadership development plan. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a researcher-developed survey questionnaire to gather data from 105 teachers. The instrument was validated